The Heresy: Why Chicago Should Welcome the George Lucas Museum

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Seven years ago, I spent a lot of time writing in opposition to then Mayor Richard M. Daley's shameless blitzkreig to force a new building for the Chicago's Children Museum into a part of Grant Park mandated by law to be kept “Forever Open Clear and Free.”  Thankfully, the combination of strong organizing, mayoral overreach, and an economic crash coupled to the museum's singular ineptitude at fund-raising effectively quashed that plan. I've also written against Argo Tea's appropriation of Connors Park.  I'm not real big on private interests taking over land held in trust for the greater public.

Now another battle over Grant Park has erupted, with most of the same forces that rallied against the Children's Museum re-assembling to oppose another proposed new structure.  This time, however, I seem to be finding myself on the opposite side.  I want to explain why, and to put forward why I think this is a very different case from the one we faced back in 2007. I'll begin with a summary of the story so far, but if you want to skip right to my arguments, click here.

The Chicago Lucas Museum: whirlwind and backlash

A long time ago in a lost world far, far away, I remember my first encounter with Star Wars.  It was at the premiere at the late, lamented Esquire in the Gold Coast, where George Lucas's Wagnerian sci-fi drama, with its John Barry production design oscillating between oppressively sleek and heroically derelict, played out within the high style of the Esquire's ocean-liner Art Deco elegance.

Although initial expectations were low, Star Wars became an immediate box-office sensation, and created the foundation both for the what would become the most successful movie franchise of all time, and for one of America's great personal fortunes.

Director/Producer/Industrial Light and Magician George Lucas is said to be worth $5 billion, and lately he's been struggling to find someone who will accept a large chunk of that wealth to create the Lucas Museum of Narrative Art - a/k/a the “Star Wars” museum.  Lucas has just gone through a bruising four-year negotiation with the Presidio Trust in San Francisco to construct the museum in his home state, only to have the Trust rescind its offer of a site within the historic military base that became a public park in 1994.

Then on the last Wednesday in June, Sun-Times columnist Michael Sneed revealed that, after a whirlwind courtship by Mayor Rahm Emanuel, Lucas had committed at least $700 building to realize his vision in Chicago.

While the Chicago Sun-Times was a lonely voice in support of the museum, opponents quickly circled the wagons.  A major opposing voice was the Chicago Tribune, which is especially ironic, as it was its publisher Robert McCormick, more than anyone else, who sullied the lakefront through his insistent lobbying to commandeer what should have been public park land for his vainglorious pursuit of a convention center he envisioned - correctly - would be his memorial.  That despoiling prize long secured, however, the paper now feels free to shed crocodile tears and sniff George Lucas museum doesn't belong on Chicago's lakefront, with Trib architecture critic Blair Kamin chiming in with Lucas' museum a risk for Chicago's lakefront. 

Over at The Reader, Ben Joravsky declares Chicago Doesn't Have to Rubber-Stamp the Lucas Museum, with Deanna Issacs adding The Lucas museum brings a vanity project to the lakefront. (The Reader demonstrated their commitment to reasoned debate by acompanying Isaac's piece with a Paul John Higgins image of a miniature Death Star looking to be at least 50 million square feet and 60 stories tall not on the Lucas site, but plopped into Lake Michigan like a decaying metallic sea slug.)

Long-time Emanuel political opponents from John Kass to Bob Fioretti see the museum as another club with which to hammer the mayor.  Friends of the Parks has announced its opposition to the project, and has threatened to challenge it in court as a violation of the city's Lakefront Protection Ordinance. (It should be noted that the phrase frequently cited by museum opponents, “in no instance will further private development be permitted east of Lake Shore Drive” doesn't seem to appear in the actual Ordinance, but in a set of 14 administrative policy criteria.  It should also be mentioned that, until 1994, the northbound lanes of Lake Shore Drive were east of both Soldier Field and the parking lot intended for the Lucas museum.)

Crain's Chicago Business political analyst Greg Hinz (or at least his headline writer) has painted the opposition as “Elitists on parade”, but that's too easy, a favorite trick of demagogue politicians such as Richard M. Daley,  falsely mis-characterizing the apathy of the broad public as support while dismissing the activity of the inevitably far smaller number who care enough to get involved as suspect and invalid.

The Issues

No, the questions raised by the critics of Lucas Museum deserve answers.  Is it legal?  Shouldn't we fight for every opportunity to keep the lakefront open and clear?  Is it nothing more than a vanity project?  Is Rahm pulling another fast one in favor of  West Coast campaign contributors who have anointed him Mayor Hollywood, Chicago chapter? 

I'll let the courts handle questions of legality, but as to the the other questions, I believe the answers lead to seeing the Lucas Museum as, potentially, a very positive thing for Chicago.  Let me explain why.

1.  The Site

You already know that the site has, up until now, never been anything but several square blocks of asphalt, a surface parking lot best known as the location for hosting tailgate parties before Bears games. It should also be remembered that the Museum Campus came about not as a campaign against development, but as an escape valve to keep the lakefront to the north clear and open.

Chicago patron saint Daniel Burnham fought, with public opinion on his side, to construct the new Field Museum at Congress Street.  He wanted to load up Grant Park with large and imposing Beaux Arts structures, lots of them.  But when Montgomery Ward won his court battle to keep the park free of new buildings, the museum took advantage of the Illinois Central Railroad looking to unload some unused railyards south of Roosevelt to move the Field's location to what would come to be known, with the addition of the Shedd Aquarium and Adler Planetarium, as the Museum Campus.

In 1924, the massive, colonnaded stadium Soldier Field opened just south of the Field.   in 1960, the original bunker-like McCormick Place opened on the lakefront just a couple blocks south of Soldier Field.  After that building was mercifully put out of its misery by a massive 1967 fire, McCormick Place was was rebuilt on the same site to a far more open and elegant design by Gene Summers.  In 1986, a huge new addition pushed the McCormick Place complex another block north, while in 1997 an even larger building pushed the encroachments nearly two blocks further to the south.

The Lucas Museum's contested territory is the 17 acres that's left, about three blocks between Soldier Field and McCormick Place.  Take the time to look at it, and you'll see not an undiscovered jewel waiting to blossom, but a dangling participle of a space in search of a subject.  Rahm should be given some credit in actually foisting this problem child off on Lucas.

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Not only is the proposed museum site walled in to the north and south by huge lakefront structures, to the east it is all but completely separated from the rest of the city by a double-slum whammy of the industrial Metra Tracks side by side with a Lake Shore Drive just as it turns into a limited access expressway.  The westward vista of the southern third of the parking lot is towards the butt end of the massive McCormick Place North.

Yes, you say, but what about those pristine lake views?  Well, here's the thing.  There aren't any.  What you actually look out at is the boat parking lot that's Burnham Harbor and, beyond it, Northerly Island.

At no point does this site give a clear view of the lake.  You can get a pretty clear idea of the situation from the following cross-section photo, harbor to the left, parking lot to the right . . .

From the north, a museum building will have to be pretty tall to be visible at all.  Grant Park's Sledding Hill keeps it completely out of view . . .

The parking lot has been there as long as I can remember.  There's never been a viable proposal to get rid of it.  And now we're arguing it's better to keep it here indefinitely rather than to take up a moneybag rube's benefactor's offer to get rid of it once and for all with a building awash in new parkland?  What mutant strain of urban planning is this?

II The Museum

The Lucas Museum is being slammed as a “vanity project,”  an overblown shrine housing a substance-free assembly of kitschy personal memorabilia dedicated to a rich guy's ego.  Truth be told, even with a nearly 300 page brief Lucas issued in support of the San Francisco version of the museum, details of exactly what makes up those 500k+ items claimed by the collection remain very sketchy.

John Tenniel, Alice with the White Rabbit for Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
courtesy the George Lucas collection

We know that it includes 35,000 books and periodicals, some going back to the 1800's.  We know that it includes works from figurative artists like Maxwell Parrish, N.C. Wyeth, and even Norman “What, Me Worry?” Mingo.  (You can see the official sampling of - count-em! - 17 images from the collection here.) We know that the museum's collection of the works of Norman Rockwell contributed to a popular, extensively reviewed exhibition, Telling Stores: Normal Rockwell form the Collections of George Lucas and Steven Spielberg.  

We know that the collection fed exhibitions such as Star Wars: Where Science Meets Imagination, which had successful runs at 18 different museums, including the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago.  And we know that Lucas has excelled at creating exactly the kind of exhibition -whether it be Star Wars, Jurassic Park, the Muppets, Mickey Mouse or Jackie O's couture - on which, for better or worse, mainstream cultural institutions have become increasingly dependent for bringing visitors through their doors.  If it's good enough for the MSI, good enough for the Field, why shouldn't it be good enough for us?

The museum's San Francisco pitch book includes this mission statement . . . 

Exhibition and programming content will be diverse and dynamic and will: explore the history of American visual media and related topics and trends; investigate the cultural, creative and social significance of visual media in our world; educate about past and emerging technologies used in visual storytelling mediums; entertain art and film lovers of all ages; and inspire creativity and a great appreciation for the art of storytelling in our society.

 Could this be just a smoke-and-mirrors enticement to get the wolf into the door?  Perhaps.  But I'm intrigued by the uniqueness of the concept.  There are science museums, and fine arts museums, and history museums.  Why not a museum dedicated to storytelling, perhaps the most seminal aspect of human behavior?  Sure, there's sex, but even there, doesn't it often get even better in the retelling?  Forget movies and TV.  What is Facebook and Twitter but places where we create posts telling stories about ourselves in text and pictures?  And ultimately, what is architecture but an exercise in story-telling through structure.   Just this week, Anna Bergren Miller has an interview on the Architect's Newspaper blog with Jahn's Francisco Gonzalez-Pulido about how “contemporary facade design neglects one of the building envelope's foremost responsibilities: storytelling.”

Personally, I've always found deeper meaning in the disturbing parables spun by Hitchcock's Vertigo than in anything I encountered in the George Lucas epics, but there's no denying that the myth-making of the Star Wars saga has resonated - and deeply - with a far larger global audience.  Why is that not important? 

Lucas may not currently have his ducks all in a row, but it strikes me that the subject of storytelling is more than deserving of its own museum.  Just because it starts with a self-congratulatory saga of the storytelling in Star Wars doesn't mean it has to end there.  With a reported $300 million endowment, the scope of the mission has the potential to blossom in important and compelling ways.

III The Architecture

For the San Francisco proposal, Lucas called on Dallas-based architect Raymond R. Kahl's Urban Design Group to come up with one of those scarcely coherent “contextual” mash-ups of feel-good classicism with shopping mall practicality.  Kahl's portfolio contains some capable and interesting work, but if the San Francisco design would engage in its own exercise in storytelling, it would be something along the lines of, “Oh, God, how do we create a functioning building while managing to find a way to give absolutely no challenge or offense to the endless parade of constituencies we have to satisfy to get this thing built.”

In a city where even Mayor Rahm Emanuel extols its architectural virtuosity as a global calling card, something more is required.

The San Francisco iteration of the museum design included a plan by landscape architect Cheryl Barton that drew on a thorough study of native plants and flowers.  A Chicago museum deserves the same level of research and imagination.

UPDATE:  Shortly after this post ran, the museum announced that the museum would be designed by architect Ma Yasong, working in collaboration with Jeanne Gang Studio/Gang on site development. The renderings released of the design evoked still another firestorm of opposition to the museum's existence.  You can see al the renderings on the museum's website here.

IV Trust But Verify

Opponents to the Lucas Museum have stressed that, contrary to our usual Chicago political process, we do not - and should not - rubber stamp this project.  Although I support the museum, there are questions that should be answered before any final approval is given.

1.  Where's the Check?  Lucas has pledged somewhere between $700 million to - in some reports - a cool billion for his museum.   Before we move forward, we need concrete documentation that the assets required to make his dream a reality are placed under the control of the museum.

2.  Where are the Plans?  As I mentioned before, a 289 page report was created to sell San Francisco on signing off on the museum.  Chicago got a one-paragraph press release.  Not enough.  Not by a long shot.  Although many of those pages were padding, the San Francisco document gives a very detailed account of the plans for the museum, its objectives its governance, its building and grounds.  In Chicago, the plan seems securely locked in Rahm's brain.  If no one knows the details, there's nothing to hang objections on, right?  With $700 million in the budget, it's not unreasonable to expect the Lucas Museum to treat Chicago with the same respect it gave to San Francisco, come out from behind Rahm's coattails, and provide us with a detailed and specific public report of its intentions.

3.  Where's the Architect?  Chicago could do worse than the design Kahl came up with for San Francisco.  We often have, but we always wind up hating ourselves in the morning.  There's really only two choices:

a.  continue to sully our reputation with another pathetic historical pastiche

or

b.  man/woman up to our pretense of still being a city of global architectural importance and enlist our internationally-renowned talent to create a building and park of a level of innovation and boldness that will remind the world that Chicago still has it.

From the San Francisco building design and the scope of his collection, I get the impression that, as bold as he is as a filmmaker, Lucas' personal taste is almost Huntington Hartford-like, veering towards the conventional and conservative, but I'm fairly certain Chicago's great architects, as eloquent as they are talented, can bring him around.

4.  Where's the Curatorial Firepower?  Up until now, Lucas' various touring exhibitions appear to have been under the direction of in-house curator Laela French, who has done a very capable job.  That's fine for a “Star Wars” museum, but if Lucas is serious about moving beyond that to creating a “Museum of Narrative Art” - and we should hold him to that pledge - something more is required.  Before the museum is approved, we should expect the naming of an internationally-credentialed curator and staff of long and varied experience who can deliver the kind of fresh and innovative programming that will lead the museum to scholarly respectability and make good on its ambitious mission.

5.  Where's the Accessibility?   Right now, the Metra/Lake Shore Drive gulch cuts off the Lakefront all the way from Roosevelt Road (12th Street) to 31st street.  The only pedestrian passages to the lake are walking through the McCormick Place complex, or taking an 18th street overpass that seems more about crowd control than efficient access, zig-zagging more than four blocks out of the way just to get across the Metra tracks.   A new, direct bridge, at 18th or Cullerton, needs to be a part of the museum's design.

Conclusion
So what do we have to lose?  An asphalt parking lot on a second-rate site, with zero views of the lake.  What do stand to gain? Over 10 acres of new parkland and increased access to the lakefront promenade.   If it' s done right, maybe a great new building.  A popular and fun museum that will make Chicago a shrine to millions of Star Wars fans that, if we're determined - and a little lucky - evolves to realize its potential of becoming a important cultural institution with a truly unique focus.

There's a line between discernment and snobbery, and I fear that in the case of the Lucas Museum, Chicago's tastemakers are at risk of drowning in their own condescension. Can we take the discussion off auto-pilot and, rather than simply regurgitate the comfortable, accustomed arguments, look and discuss the project and its site with fresh eyes and open minds?

Rahm, Gates, Gang and more - A Photo Portrait of AIA Convention Thursday

Thursday morning was the big keynote of the American Institute of Architects 2014 convention in Chicago, featuring introductions, awards, a benediction by Mayor Rahm Emanuel, and talks by Theaster Gates and Jeanne Gang.  We'll proably be writing more about what they had to say later, but for now here's what it looked like on the scene . . .

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Arie Crown Theater, the cavernous barn of an auditorium that didn't have the decency to burn down with the rest of the original McCormick Place back in 1967;

AIA President Helene Combs Dreiling

Rahm talked about Chicago's architectural heritage as “the home of modern architecture”, and the newly announced Chicago Architecture Biennial, to take place in October 2015.  “It will be the largest convention of architects and designers and people thinking about the future of architecture in cities in all of North America”

The Mayor was wearing a colorful handmade “Peace” wristband sold for $1.00 by a six-year boy at a North Side Wal-Mart. Sun-Times columnist Michael Sneed reported that Emanuel “urged the boy to charge his bodyguard $2 for a bracelet.”  Which may go a long way to explaining why those CTA stations are costing so much.  Or am I reading too much into this?

The AIA's 2014 Topaz Medallion for Excellence in Architectural Education was awarded to Harrison Fraker, who founded what is now the Princeton Environmental Institute and is a pioneer who “pushed the academic study of energy use in buildings to the forefront of the sustainability movement.”

Ivenue Love-Stanley was the recipient of this year's Whitney M. Young Award.  In 1977, Love-Stanley became “the first Afro-American woman to the first African-American woman to graduate from the College of Architecture at Georgia Tech in 1977. She later became the first African-American woman to become a licensed architect in the Southeast. In 1978, she co-founded Atlanta-based Stanley, Love-Stanley with her husband, William Stanley, FAIA, who received the Whitney Young Award in 1995. Love-Stanley and Stanley are the first husband and wife to ever have both received the Whitney Young Award.”

“I asked myself this morning,” said artist and activist Theaster Gates, ”what does it mean to talk to the field of architecture as an artist? What does it mean to have this captive audience to think with me about how our cities look and feel?”

In his keynote Gates answered with a overview of two recent projects - 12 Ballads for Huguenot House and the Stony Island Arts Bank, but only after saying ” I really want us to forget about those buildings and imagine that we're talking about process, that I'm talking about the capacity for the field of architecture and the field of design and the arts to re-imagine how cities function and to re-imagine the agency that we have as design professionals to change the world.”

Gates talked about neighborhoods like those on Chicago's South Side “People forget about them.  [Their architecture] at one time may have been ambitious, the people who live there [now] may have real lives and real ambition.  There's just no reason to talk about it, because it seems like nothing's happening there .  The building that we're looking at is at 69th and Dorchester .  It's one of those buildings.  In my artistic practice, a big part of it is about re-imagining how spaces are activated.  Sometimes I take abandoned buildings.  I perform in them.  I sweep them.  I mop them.  I rehab them.  I do things like an architect . . . like an architect.”  

“I am calling this talk ‘Purpose is Process’, said the mornings second keynoter, Studio Gang's Jeanne Gang.  ”Now when I first heard about the title I wondered, how do you get purpose?  Do you just wake up one morning and find ouy you have a purpose?  It's really not like that.  It shouldn't be a marketing slogan and it shouldn't be something you have to concoct .  It really is something you develop over time. It's a process.  Maybe another way to put it is:  Does architecture correct social change, or    . . . is it social change that determines architectural space?

This launched into Gang providing a history of Northerly Island, including a visual demonstration of how much of the site and its environs were not a green space, but an almost interrupted sea of concrete.  She contrasted that with her design for the Northerly Island Framework Plan for returning it to the public as a 90-acre recreational space, a process that is rapidly nearing completion.  

To underscore how Studio/Gang's practice is based on process and research, Gang concluding by discussing her latest project, creating BLUEprint, a strategic plan for the National Aquarium in Baltimore, which has resulted in Gang learning more about the oceans than most of us could ever hope to know.  

“As architects you never really think that you can begin a project that has to do with the ocean, but in fact I think our skill sets are really attuned to this. . . . The way that we used to perceive the ocean back in Greek times it was one ocean, not multiple seas.  And now today it is a contested space.  It's very heavily harvested for all kinds of different resources and materials.  Only 2% of the whole ocean is protected, which is very different than on land.  When you think about that, it's pretty scary.  Nobody's watching it.  Nobody's caring for it.  There isn't any planning.”

Gang talked about how unknown the oceans actually are.  While 563 astronauts have visited space, there have been only 4 descents into the deepest level of the ocean.  While NASA spends over $17 billion a dollar a year exploring space, the budget for oceanic exploration was listed as under $25 million.    Much of the ocean floor remains unmapped.  As vast as it appears, the almost alarmingly finite nature of the oceans - on which all earthly life is so completely dependent - was demonstrated by an incredible graphic of an earth stripped of all its water, and the entire cubic volume of that water orbiting the earth in a tiny ocean-blue moon only 860 miles in diameter. 

Tribune architecture Blair Kamin talking with Stephen Cheung at the Architect Live booth.

Walgreens Manager of Sustainability Jamie Meyers draws a crowd at the AIA Chicago  Lounge. (Heads up from a reliable source: Karen Erger and Eric Singer reportedly make the topic of Residential Risk Redux: Managing Risk in the New Economy -12:30 -1:30 p.m. Friday - not only informative, but a lot more entertaining than you might imagine.)

Stairway to Heaven

This is an International Competition? Chicago issues Bid Documents for proposals to create "North America's City of Lights"

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It was last January that  Mayor Rahm Emanuel announced his idea to boost tourism by turning Chicago through an international competition to turn the Chicago into “North America's City of Lights"  Now, the Sun-Times'  Fran Spielman has uncovered the fact that the "competition" consists of what is basically an RFP for a “City-wide Lighting Framework Plan”.

This is no competition.  No jury is referenced.  Proposals will go through The Department of Fleet and Facility Management Department.  The deadline for any questions is only two weeks away, with a "pre-submittal conference" at City Hall on June 13th, with July 7th the deadline for submissions, with the winning bid to be announced in “late summer”.  There will be no compensation for the first two phases.  Up to four finalists will receive $25,000.

At first glance, this doesn't seem like the way to get great design, and the officially unheralded release of the RFP, coupled with the extremely tight deadlines - it took four months to announce the project, but participants get only a month to prepare, and only 10 days to ask questions - indicates the fix may already be in.  Still, there's a lot of study here, which I'll be doing, and you can also look at the official documents on the city's website here.  You can also read our original report from January . . .

Chicago: City of Light? Mayor Rahm Sees Luminous Future for his Town's Architecture 

Official proposal documents on City of Chicago  Bids, RFP, RFQ, RFI, Small Order

Memorial Day in Pictures

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 Victory Monument.  More here.

 

 

Previously:

Memorial Day Chicago

Memorial Day Chicago, 2012: Beyond the Words

Memorial Day in Chicago, 2007 to 2010