Chicago Streetscene: Fish Tank

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Future City, Tillim's Avenue Lumumba, FLW Studio in '74, AFHc Holiday Hangover and more

read about the great additions to the January calendar - with pictures! -  here.

Concrete Long; Steel Short - a Poetic Expression

Probably the only positive thing to be said about 222 South Riverside Plaza, the horrid piece-of-crap tower for which the magnificent concourse of Union Station was destroyed, is that it was great Fazlur Khan's first conception of a composite structural system that combined a reinforced concrete perimeter tube with a steel-framed interior.  For his Control Data Center tower in Houston, also a composite, the steel frame was erected eight floors ahead to give the concrete boys time to catch up.

Currently, a prime demonstration of the speed of steel can be seen at John Ronan's new home for the Poetry Foundation on Dearborn Street.  (You can see our videos of Ronan discussing the project here.)

This was the picture on April 24th of last year . . .

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On July 10th . . .

August 7th . . .

October 23rd . . .

November 6th . . .

and finally, this past weekend . . .

. . . as the project races towards its projected June opening.

This is what it will look like when it's finished, with a semi-enclosed public garden hugging the corner.

The security guard I met on Saturday was somewhat puzzled by the large number of people he's encountered taking pictures of the building, especially the ones stretching their cameras above the high chain-link fence to get a better shot.  I think he suspects they may be casing the joint for some still-to-be determined future malfeasance.  I tried to explain that Chicagoans are just architecture-mad, and that in the current meltdown, the construction of the Poetry Foundation was one of the few things we have going for us.  I'm not sure I convinced him, but he was a really nice guy nonetheless - I'm glad to have him  keeping watch to make sure no harm comes to our handsome newcomer.

Future City, Tillim's Avenue Patrice Lumumba, pre-restoration FLW Studio, AFHc Holiday Hangover and more - additions to the January calendar

It's the second week of the month - time to add another half-dozen great items to the January Calendar of Chicago Architectural Events.

Saturday the 29th at UIC, 750 South Halsted, it's time again for  Future City Competition™ Regional Finals.  Now in its 19th year, this great program matches up area middle school students with engineer mentors to design cities of tomorrow, using SimCity, which they then have to translate into table-top scale models. The winners move on to the finals during National Engineers Week in Washington in February, where the top prize includes a trip to Space Camp.  (Last year, the competition's winning team also made a trip to the White House to meet President Barack Obama)

This Thursday, January 13th, sees two new events. At 6:00 p.m., at the Columbia College's Museum of Contemporary Photography, Northwestern's Krista Thompson will be in conversation with South Africa born photographer Guy Tillim, whose new exhibition at the museum, Avenue Patrice Lumumba, explores the "architecture and infrastruture of colonial and postcolonial Africa."

Also at 6:00 at Unity Temple in Oak Park, Jack Lesniak will be providing a virtual pre-restoration tour of the Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio as it existed in 1974, after a series of remodelings had seen it broken up into apartments.  Next Tuesday, the 18th, Architecture for Humanity Chicago will be holding it's 2nd Annual Holiday Hangover Fundraiser at the Steelcase showroom at the Mart, while on Thursday the 27th the Chicago Botanic Garden and Bartlett Tree exports will be sponsoring a day-long symposium, Sustainable Site Development: Trends, Challenges & Innovations.

There are nearly three dozen great events still to come in January, including tonight's  Mayoral Forum on Public Housing in Chicago, 5:00 to 7:00 p.m. at the Cultural Center.  Check them all out at the January calendar here.

Great Moments in Marketing: The Story of Three on a Match

As I write this, the indispensable TMC is showing a forgotten 1932 film, The Match King, a fictionalized but tasty account of Swedish industrialist Ivar Kreuger. who in the 1920's created a worldwide near-monopoly in the production of matches.  The movie debuted less than 10 months after Kreuger put a bullet through his head in his Berlin apartment.  In the Warner Brothers version, Kreuger somehow starts his career as part of a maintenance crew at Wrigley Field.  (I'm not making this up, you know.)

Matches?  Really?  The first question likely to strike you is not how anyone could create such a monopoly, but on what planet could it ever be conceived as worth doing.  In fact Paul Kroll, as Kreuger is named in the film, has a evangelistic speech about the Promethean centrality of matches to all civilized life at the early part of the 20th century, a time before lighters, charcoal starters, nuclear fission and $10.00 a pack cigarettes with scary pictures on their wrapper.  Matches were as logical a place to build an immense fortune as tulips, beanie babies or Facebook.

Kreuger was a brilliant entrepreneur, who created the idea of A & B classes of stock, with the larger B class receiving the usual lush dividends, but control of a corporation being kept tightly in the hands of holders of the comparatively tiny pool of A shares.  He pioneered the use of convertible debentures which, in exchange for regular dividends and the right to convert the debentures into shares of stock if that stock's value soared, were unsecured by any tangible asset. 

He was also a gambler and a crook.  In the words of no less than John Kenneth Galbraith:

Boiler-room operators, peddlers of stocks in the imaginary Canadian mines, mutual-fund managers whose genius and imagination are unconstrained by integrity, as well as less exotic larcenists, should read about Kreuger. He was the Leonardo of their craft.

Kreuger deployed dummy corporations, stock manipulation and good old Ponzi schemes to keep his increasingly shaky enterprises barrelling forward.  The 1929 crash sent his empire reeling, and by 1932, the furies circled him, depicted in a rather wonderful montage in the film.  "I have made such a mess of things that I believe this to be the most satisfactory solution for everybody concerned," he wrote - strangely, in English - just before the aforementioned suicidal incident.  As the epitath of the Warner's film has it: "He began in the gutter.  He rose until he ruled the world.  And then he died in the gutter."

Kreuger used a superstition that held sway among soldiers from the Crimean to First World War to bolster the purchase of his matches worldwide.  The story of Three on a Match was that if the same match was used to light cigarettes of three different soldiers, keeping the light alive would give an enemy sniper enough time to zero in  and kill the soldier unlucky enough to be the third using the match.  Even with the far larger number of consumers whose closest encounter with a trench was the gutter in the street outside their apartment, the superstition proved a marvelous incentive for getting them to use an individual match no more than twice before reaching into the box for another - and emptying those boxes much more quickly.

Except, of course, there was no superstition.  Krueger made it all up in the 1920's.  To sell matches.  Successfully.

At about the same time in America, brilliant public relations pioneer Edward Bernays, who learned all about human behavior from his uncle Sigmund Freud, advanced the interests of his tobacco company clients by promoting the new idea of decent women taking up smoking as an expression of liberation, creating irresistible photo-ops of New York fashion models marching in the city's Easter Parade puffing on "Torches of Liberty."  (In the 1960's, Bernays also pioneered campaigns warning of the dangers of smoking.)

We tend of think of mythology as some dusty thing involving archaic Gods and Goddesses.  No: mythology is remade and renewed every moment of every day.  It continues to provide the framework that allows us to understand the world and our place in it. 

Our increasingly inclusive, relentlessly interconnected world means that contemporary life is shaped by a burgeoning profusion of fresh myths, virtualized derivatives at ever farther remove from direct experience, that continue to be created as fast as TMZ , Washington spin doctors and gifted social media content creators can churn them out.  The story may be true or fabricated, the purpose clear or veiled.  The myth endures.  And as throughout time, the most powerful are those that establish sympathetic resonance with our primal fears, aspirations and desires.

Chicago Streetscene: True Romance

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Parallel Structures: Open and Inverted

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A mayoral forum on public housing, Louis Sullivan's Struggle, Alison Fisher on Prentice, Michael J. Golec, Bill Mackey, Elizabeth Francis - it's the January Calendar!

The year may be starting a bit slowly, but there's still nearly three dozen great architecture-related events already lined up on the January calendar.

It starts off with SEAOI's panel discussion on Bridge Failures this Tuesday, the 4th at the Parthenon (on Halsted Street, not the Acropolis.)  On Thursday the 6th, the Graham offers the first of two lectures being given this month in conjunction with their exhibition, Las Vegas Studio: Images from the Archives of Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown this one by Michael J Golec, with another by Bill Mackey on the 27th.  This coming Sunday, the 9th, the Lake Theater in Oak Park with be offering a benefit screening of the documentary Louis Sullivan: The Struggle for American Architecture, with director Mark Richard Smith in attendance for a Q&A.

There's quite a bit of sounding off, with conductor and pianist Yaniv Dinur talking about Music and Architecture: Design, Aesthetic and Form at lunchtime on Wednesday the 12th at CAF, and Carl Giegold of Threshold Acoustics talking about Speech, Hearing, Acoustics and AV in the Learning Environment at AIA Chicago lunchtime on Tuesday, the 18th.  The Art Institute's new assistant curator of architecture Alison Fisher talks about Bertrand Goldberg's endangered Prentice Hospital for Landmarks Illinois' lunchtime Preservation Snapshots lecture, Thursday the 20th at the Cultural Center.  On the evening of the 25th, architect Elizabeth Francis gives a talk at the MCA, while Farr Associates Doug Farr talks about LEED for Neighborhood Development at CAF lunchtime on the 26th, where Neal Samors and Bernard Judge discuss their new book, Lake Shore Drive: Urban America's Most Beautiful Roadway, same time and place, a week earlier on the 12th.

On the 11th,  again at the Cultural Center, the Central Advisory Council of Chicago Public Housing Residents will be holding a mayoral Candidate Forum on Public Housing in Chicago.  I don't know if any of the candidates have confirmed but, shockingly, this is the only forum I'm aware of where anyone's putting the screws to the candidates on the critical issues involving the city's built environment.

As usual, there's more, much, much more.  Check out all the events on the January Calendar of Chicago Architectural Events.

Rahm Emanuel, Asian Carp and Taste of Chicago: My Predictions for 2011

We are all interested in the future, for that is where you and I are going to spend the rest of our lives. Unless you're Prince Charles or Bob Stern.  I predict . . .

• Rahm Emanuel will be elected mayor and be nice to everyone for at least five minutes.  Then he'll get his hands on the city's budget projections for next year and in the middle of the night send bulldozers to rip "X"'s into Richard M. Daley's Central Station townhome.

• Lady Gaga will call a press conference to announce she's becoming a nun and entering a convent.  She will design her own habit, which will lead to her excommunication by Pope Benedict.

• Asian Carp will be found to have made their way not only into the Shedd Aquarium, but onto the projected constellations at the Adler Planetarium.  

• After finding that their new L cars with forward-facing benches still don't  provide the economies they require, the CTA will convert all rapid transit lines to overhead conveyors belts.  Commuters will place themselves in insulated body bags and hook themselves onto the conveyors to be carried to their stop, which they will stamp on their foreheads in a QR code.

• The Octomom, desperate to return to the spotlight, will give birth to a litter of adorable puppies.

• At an Apple WWDC in June at which Simon Baker is named President of Worldwide Development, Steve Jobs will unveil the iPath, a computer-on-a-chip that will be embedded directly into users' brains and deploy mental telepathy to create a global network.  Jobs immediately orders the removal of USB, Wi-FI, 3G and ethernet from all Apple legacy devices.  Complications ensue when the labs at Consumer Reports discover users have to hold both hands to their head at a precise 41.5 degree angle for the chip to be able to communicate.  14,000,000 people will be recalled so that their heads can be fitted with a special hat that resolves the problem.

• After losing most of its business to cheaper upstarts, Groupon will accept a buyout offer of $1.98 and three sheep from a farmer in Bulgaria.

• Unsuccessful in their attempts to obtain direct state subsidies to renovate Wrigley Field, the Ricketts family will have Michael Madigan pass legislation authorizing them to open three crack houses on Addison.

• Steve Bahlmer announces Microsoft will regain its former dominance with the release of Windows 7 for typewriters.

• Brad will order an angry Angie to "Get Help Now!"  She will then adopt three children with her analyst.  Jen will kidnap Brad in a failed attempt to get him to reveal how to choose better scripts. Shiloh will go to court to emancipate herself from everybody.

• Gigi Pritzker will announce an agreement with the city to build a movie studio in Millennium Park, but it will be OK because it will be for films for kids.

• After having been declared deteriorated beyond repair and overrun with squatters, Walter Jacobson will be demolished.

• John Boehner will weep.

• Mergers will result in just one U.S. airline, which still won't give up its unused gates at O'Hare.

• Taste of Chicago will be privatized.  Tickets will be $5,000.  There will be only four booths, but each will offer 7-course meals from a three-star restaurant, served by indentured taxpayers dressed as butlers.  Free to all will be Da Cleaner, a 300-foot-high inverted roller coaster that will collect loose change,  poorly secured jewelery and ATM PIN numbers from riders to ease the city's budget deficit.

• After a viral campaign on Facebook, Betty White will be named President of the United States for the month of March.

• Fire Department personnel will rescue an alderman stranded on an ice flow.

• Illinois Governor Pat Quinn will propose paying $12 billion in past-due bills with puka shells.

• Just before leaving office, Mayor Richard M. Daley will sign a thousand year lease with Morgan Stanley for the city's air.  Chicago residents will thereafter be able to breath only at metered street kiosks.

• A band of caribou will be taken into custody and charged with a conspiracy to shoot Sarah Palin.

• I'll keep on writing lame posts - just like this one.  Happy New Year!

The Dark at the End of the Supply Chain Tunnel

"Don't come, we can't handle it."
 - a spokesman for British Airways, after 9,000 passengers on 32 International flights were left locked in their claustrophobic metal cans on the tarmac of New York's Kennedy International Airport in New York, only yards from the terminals, for up to 12 hours.

The conditions were challenging to say the least - a crippling snowstorm of massive dimension. The response? As has become the norm, a bunch of government and corporate bureaucrats pointing the finger at each other while patting themselves on the back for taking actions that did nothing to solve the problem.   Our new motto for when the going gets tough:  give up!

Airlines have drastically cut the size of their fleets to create the kind of capacity shortages that help drive up fares. At the same time, they've slashed their customer service staffs while penalizing flyers who don't e-ticket. Between the indifference of the airlines and the genital gropings of the TSA, air travel has devolved into a Pythonesque parody of treating your customers with disdainful contempt.

Welcome to the new normal.

It's no small irony that the same week that a blizzard shut down the East Coast, Alfred Kahn died. Kahn was known as "the father of airline deregulation." Working for the administration of Jimmy Carter in the late 1970's, he freed the industry of the tight regulation that made flying a glamorous - and expensive - luxury experience, with fares set at a level guaranteed to pay for it all. After Kahn, an airline could fly wherever it wanted, and set fares as low as it chose.

So the supply chain did its work, and air travel got cheaper. Much cheaper. Southwest Airlines $29.00 fares cheap. No longer the private preserve of the affluent, air travel was now accessible to all. Passenger loads exploded.  A new paradise.  Quit while you're ahead?  Not a chance.

To the supply chain, damned be he who cries, "Hold enough!"  It's obsession is to keep cutting, past the fat, down to the muscle.  The once reliably affluent airlines spun into decades of teetering on the precipice of bankruptcy, to a current end result of less service, nickel and dimeing for transporting bags, providing pillows and life preservers, and a "deregulated" passenger experience that in previous times was more properly referred to as steerage. But, hey, it's cheap!

I walked into a CVS today where the single cashier station was empty. Only several self-service counters remained. We've developed a loathing of our own species. Faithful sheep, we've bought into Big Corporate's premise that the kind of cheap prices that allow us to buy all the stuff through which we now define our being can only be ours through a devil's bargain in which we agree to be treated as interchangeable cattle and treat our fellow workers as barnacles, to be scraped off. Our identity has been reduced to a standardized series of data fields and a record of purchasing behavior. Our credentials - our papers - are our Facebook profile. No human intervention required. and when people who, only yesterday, provided us service disappear, we ask no questions.

Is it any wonder, in such an environment, that Newark Mayor Corey Booker's Twitter feed surged to over a million followers as subscribers all across the nation followed his using tweets to personally respond to constituent snow removal problems and complaints, to the point of traveling through the city and helping shovel out cars.

In the last two issues of The New York Review of Books, the great British historian Tony Judt, who died of ALS this past August, has written an acute appreciation of the value and devaluing of rail travel. In The Glory of the Rails, he recounts a heroic tale of how completely the development of railroads changed everything about how we lived. Unlike canals and waterways, they were the first mode of travel fabricated entirely by man. To lay the rails, they changed the landscape and re-ordered the face of cities. The entire concept of time we accept without a second thought did not exist before the railroads, which standardized time zones and made the regular consultation of clocks and watches a seminal human activity. Through their speed and reliability, they compressed time and multiplied human interaction. Unlike today's random sprawl of roads, their strict linearity aggregated and channeled energies along clear lines.

Nowhere more than here.  The very existence of Chicago is a product of the railroads. Lines to both east and west converged on the city, making it the nation's transfer point for both passengers and freight. The sleeping cars of the Chicago's Pullman Company transformed rail travel from a dirty, smelly, family-unfriendly ordeal to a transport that became not just comfortable, but an expression of human pleasure.

At their peak, Chicago's six major rail terminals handled hundreds of inter-city trains every day, and millions of passengers every year. The 17 lines that converged on the city formed a powerhouse industry, flush with cash, with Microsoft-level profit margins of 40%, largely paid out in dividends to stockholders.

It was an optimistic era of explosive economic growth.  Each of those terminals were grand civic monuments.  Their architecture helped define the city. With their rich appointments and often soaring interiors, they were part decompression chambers, part secular temples.

But power led the railroads to become greedy and stupid.  Ultimately, they were blind-sided by the advent of air travel, and the development of the Interstate Highway System for freight.  One by one, once mighty companies bought a few last moments of survival by selling off of their real estate.  In the 1960's and 70's, Chicago's great terminals, derelict and voided of passengers,  were thoughtlessly and systemically destroyed. Today only the shell of Dearborn Station, gutted to a generic interior, and the great waiting room of Union Station survive.  And the good jobs disappeared as well.  As Judt relates:

 . . . a large city terminus employed well over one thousand people directly; at its peak Penn Station in New York employed three thousand people, including 355 porters or “redcaps.” The hotel built above or adjacent to the station and owned by the railway company employed hundreds more. Within its halls and under the arches supporting its tracks the railway provided copious additional commercial space.

Today's airports entail a similar ecosystem, but with fewer workers, and often with lower, non-unionized wages.

Today, corporate consolidations continue across all sectors of our economy.  A shrinking number of corporations grow larger and more dominant, obsessed with making everything a supply chain commodity.  The supreme commandment to ruthlessly drive down costs is almost always predicated on cutting employees, paying them less, and passing off more and more of the expense of operations onto customers as self-service.

Jobs are destroyed and paychecks reduced with our compliance.  We shop in warehouses instead of stores. We bag our own groceries.  We pump our own gas. We willingly become our own phone operators, burrowing our way through time-consuming layers of automated responses and computer-simulated voices.  We'll research and book our own flights on-line. We'll wait in lines for hours, as in the old Soviet Union. We'll agree to be snarled at by customer support, if they agree to talk to us at all. Because it's cheap.

Recent news reports indicate that, despite often soaring profits, Corporate America has now begun to disassociate itself from the country's unemployment crisis, and now prefers to create jobs overseas. Because it's cheap.

The American economy is in its Dutch auction phase. We've apparently bought into the bill of goods that an ever smaller workforce and ever lower wages will somehow produce the kind of robust purchasing power required for a healthy, growing economy, not just for the rich, but for everyone.  But it doesn't, and it won't.  If you don't believe me, ask Andy Grove.

Along with Alfred Kahn, another death was revealed on Wednesday. Fashion model Isabelle Caro passed away November 17 at the tragically young age of 28. She had long battled anorexia, and was known for fashion shoots in which her bones were shown clearly protruding from her body. By the time she participated in a No Anorexia campaign she weighed, she told reporters, 59 pounds.

Here's what consuming yourself looks like . . .

photograph: AP

Is this our future? You can be too lean. You can be too cheap.

Chicago's Sacred Spaces portrayed in handsome new Guide

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In conjunction with PBS's recent series, God in America, Chicago-based Sacred Space International, has created a City Guide to Sacred Spaces for eight American cities, from all corners of the U.S., from New York to Atlanta to Portland and Santa Fe.

The Chicago guide includes 14 places and, like the rest, it's highly ecumenical, including not only the democratic, personified by the Chicago Cultural Center, but even the pantheistic, represented by the Alfred Caldwell Lily Pool.

Each entry includes an informative essay with excellent photographs, as well as maps for locating the sites. The usual suspects are there: the Chicago Temple, Holy Name Cathedral, Fourth Presbyterian, Harry Weese's Seventeenth Church of Christ, Scientist, Frank Lloyd Wright's Unity Temple in Oak Park, and the Baha'i House of Worship in Wilmette.

There are also some lesser known spaces, including the Downtown Islamic Center, making a Loop home for Chicago Muslims above a storefront in a former automobile showroom on State Street, purchased in 2004. "A mosque requires nothing more than a clean, unobstructed floor space and an indication of the qibla, the direction of Mecca," which here becomes a simple space carved out of - and reflecting - the loft-like structure of a commercial building.

Only blocks away from each other near LaSalle and Division are two very different expressions of faith. On the outside, the building at 927 N. LaSalle looks like a traditional neighborhood church. Built in the late 1880’s as an Apostolic Catholic Church

. . . In the mid 1920’s LaSalle Street was being widened into a boulevard, and the church had to be moved back about ten feet to allow for the new right of way. The building was picked up on giant rollers and moved eastward, while the front steps had to be redesigned and integrated into the church.

 In 1996, after a long period of decline, the building was donated to the Orthodox Church of America, and after extensive renovations, it was rededicated on May 17, 2008 as the Christ the Savior Orthodox Church.

A high contrast can be found a few blocks to the north at St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church, home to the city's oldest Lutheran Congregation, founded in 1843. In 1969, they turned to architect Edward Dart to design their new church, and the result is a strikingly modernist composition, marked by an unornamented rounded brick exterior and a spare interior with an alter bathed in light.

Also  included is the Moody Church, further up on LaSalle, GracePlace in Printers Row (illustrated in the photo at the top of this post), and the North Shore Congregation Israel designed in 1964 by World Trade Center architect Minoru Yamasaki.  The  49-page City Guide to Sacred Spaces is both an important work of scholarship and an engaging guide to Chicago's spiritual spaces.  Download it here.

Wednesday: Cahan and Williams offer a tour of spectacular Lost Panoramas

Nearly a decade ago, veteran Chicago author Michael Williams, looking for vintage photographs of Rogers Park, got permission from the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District to serve their archives.

What he found was slightly staggering:  25,000 6 by 8 inch glass plate negatives taken by the district's photographers.  As recounted by the Trib's William Mullen,  the photos were taken from 1894 on during the epic project to reverse the flow of the Chicago River through the construction of the 11-mile-long Sanitary and Ship Canal, linking the river to the Des Plaines, on its way to the Mississippi.  The photographs were to serve a practical purpose, creating visual documentation that would refute farmers' lawsuits claiming that the canal had made their land unproductive.

Williams, along with long-time co-author Richard Cahan, didn't get around to studying the collection in depth until fairly recently, and it was then they discovered that many of the shots had been made side-to-side, allowing them to be re-assembled into panoramas of Chicago and its farthest reaches at the turn of the 20th Century.

A sampling of those spectacular images make up The Lost Panoramas, a Snapshot Into Chicago's Past, an exhibition at the Peggy Notebaert Museum, which has now been extended through March 13th.  Those panoramas are, indeed, spectacular, but for a chronic urbanist like myself, what's even more fascinating are the photographs of Chicago at the time of its greatest vibrancy.  There are shots that remind us that us recently as the 1920's neighborhoods like Albany Park were still almost semi-rural, as well as a number of depictions of the industrial use of the waterways, including a striking shot of a riverfront lumber yard, the wood piled into tall towers, with two offset stacks reminding you of nothing less than Lucien Lagrange's unrealized twin-towered design, XO.

Cahan and Williams' CityFiles Press is planning to publish a book of the Lost Panorama photographs in 2011, and you can get a preview of what they're thinking of when they offer up an exhibition gallery talk at the Notebaert, tomorrow, Wednesday, December 29th, from 11:30 a.m. to 12:30.  It's free with admission to the museum, which is at 2430 North Cannon Drive,  in Lincoln Park, just off Fullerton.  And you can check out the butterflies, too.

Chicago Winterscene: The Birds

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Angel of Peace and Mayor of Daley: Separated at Birth?

To the left is sculptor William H. Kieffer's Angel of Peace, which can be found at the Chicago Episcopal Diocese Center and Plaza on east Huron.  To the right is Mayor Richard M. Daley, who can be found, at least until next May, in Chicago's City Hall.  It's a remarkable image by Chicago Sun-Times master photographer Al Podgorski that perfectly captures a moment in the life of a city and its long-time leader that expresses, all at once, relief, power, exuberance and anxiety.  It's the perfect counterpoint to John J. Kim's shot of a side-glancing Rod Blagojevich leaving his trial and climbing into a limo.  Altogether, there are ten eloquent and striking images in the Best Sun-Times photos of 2010.  They remind us of what the blogosphere can't replicate: a professional photojournalism that combines an expert eye with being able to be at the right place at the right time.  Check out the full version of Podgorski's Daley portrait and all the other CST best photos here.

Happy Holidays: It's Christmas in Chicago 2010

Yes, it's time for our annual photoessay on Christmas in and around central Chicago. Check out all of this year's photo's here.

Preview - no Silver Bells, just Golden Leaves: Elgin Clock says it's Almost Time for Christmas in Chicago editions

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Yes, we're finally going to get around to our annual collection of holiday shots from around Chicago, mostly downtown.  We hope to have a page up tomorrow linking to all of our Christmas posts from 2006 to 2009, and then on Thursday have the 2010 photo's.  For now, here's a sample from the Ogilvie Station.

Incidentally, the Elgin National Watch Company, manufacturers of the clock pictured above, salvaged from Cobb & Frost's 1911 Chicago and Northwestern Terminal, was another Chicago area corporate powerhouse lost long ago to the dustbin of history. It was incorporated in 1864 and staffed largely by people lured away from an eastern competitor.  And just to show that corporate shakedowns didn't start with TIF's, the company refused to establish itself in Elgin, Illinois until the city promised them 35 acres of free land and $25,000.  The last watch movement in what once was the world's largest watch manufacturing plant rolled off the assembly line in 1968.  The half-million square-foot factory was demolished.  In a 1915 advertisement, Elgin promoted it's 143 foot-high clock tower, where the company . . .

maintained an observatory where two astronomers of great ability verify the rating of the Master Elgin Clocks by which all Elgin Watches are regulated.  Every clear night in the year they make eleven checks of the earth's rotation against twelve stars so remote that their gigantic orbits are imperceptible.  From the average of these 132 observations true star time is calculated.  In turn, this is translated into commercial time.  This absolute precision has given the Elgin standard of accuracy its great fame.

The tower was toppled in 1966.   Today, it lends its name to the Clock Tower Plaza Shopping Center, just down the river from the Grand Victoria Casino.

ArchitectureChicago Plus: The Year in Review

2010 started on a deceptively strong note with January 1st.  When the 2nd and 3rd followed in quick succession, analysts began to see this as a return to stability, until the disaster of January 5th, which followed the 3rd.  An amber alert was issued for the 4th, which didn't show up until sometime after the 12th.  By this time, the 6th and the 9th had also gone missing, only to show up after the 13th and 16th, respectively.  A clear pattern was emerging, but by the time the 27th and 30th were due to reappear, it was already February, and hopes for finding them faded.

The beginning of February was labeled "The Great Calming" as days again followed one another in more or less numerical order, with only a slight bleeding of alternative Tuesdays into the early hours of the next day.  Then came The Great Panic of the 28th, when it was discovered the month had officially run out of days, running nearly 8% behind the yearly average for months.  Congressional Republicans immediately called for an investigation, as well as for making the Bush tax cuts permanent and providing the top 2% of earners the indentured service of the first born of every family receiving unemployment benefits.  "A calendar in deep deficit," said Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, "is no time to be penalizing those most capable of exploiting their fellow Americans."   In response, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi proposed adding thirteen weeks to July so that the chronically unemployed would at least have more warm weather.

While many saw March as a return to normalcy, former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin attacked President Barack Obama for a 31st day she claimed "was made up out of thin air.  In Alaska, we don't need all these days.  We just make each one last forever."  When April wound up having only 30 days, liberal democrats assailed Obama for selling out.

Locally, May 14th was seized by Richard M. Daley who said he would eventually make it a park, while Chicagoans arriving at the 17th found it demolished.  "We had no choice," declared the Mayor.  "Druid calendar addicts were squatting inside.  It had deteriorated so bad it would have cost fourteen days to save it.  I know that.  You know that.  Everyone knows that."  Later, Daley sold two weeks in June for the next 300 years to a consortium headed by Morgan Stanley.  City Council Finance Chairman Ed Burke said it was "a great gift to the people of Chicago",  as the 19th somehow made its way into his already massive campaign fund.

Panic threatened again in July as speculation ran rampant that China would not loan the month back to the United States.   In the end, China's Great Giving of Rope to the Capitalists campaign saw the return of July in exchange for its weight in 52-week Treasury Bills.

I don't know what happened in August.  I was out of town.

In September, rumblings became a groundswell as Tea Party members campaigned to "take back our calendar."  Senate candidate Rand Paul called for the abolition of the Federal Bureau of Weights and Measures.  "Get government out of the calendar," Paul declared, "and there will be no more premature nightfall's.  No more eclipses.  Give the calendar back to the enormous generating power of the Free Market and watch the days pour in."  In Maryland, Christine O'Donnell decried what she called "the hidden influence of the International Date Line."  Senate Republicans successfully filibustered Democratic attempts to more tightly regulate the calendar.  "When the average hard-working American," said  a crestfallen Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, "doesn't know whether the weekend will be there for them, or whether it will be outsourced to some third world country willing to go cheap on the number of hours in the day, I think a stronger oversight is in order."

And in the House, John Boehner cried.

October saw the 23rd and 24th being taken hostage by an armed Postal worker holed up in an Encino 7-Eleven, who threatened to shred them unless the 14th starting talking to him again.  The 14th told police that she and the gunman were never more than casual acquaintances, but that he had become obsessed with her after deciding to hide all of his mail from that date in his bathtub rather than have to deliver it.  A SWAT team called to the scene was finally dismissed as both the 23rd and the 24th escaped their captor after he passed out from eating too many Burrito Rollers.

In November, Glenn Beck held a rally at the National Mall, "We're screwed.  And Here's How We're Going to Fix it."  Drawing on the work of the late Belugan economist Arthur Caviar, Beck sketched out on a chalkboard how the calendar could be saved by changing the odd numbered days to even numbered days, and vice versa.  And then he was distracted by a ball of string.

The year, of course, still has another 11 days to go, but we may be looking at a sunnier future.  So far this month, the worst thing to happen was when, again, several days were thought to be lost.  Last week they were discovered in a crawl space under Rahm Emanuel's house. 

Optimism appears to be on the rise that 2011 will actually be the year following 2010, although leaders in Washington on both sides of the aisle are already expressing concern over rumors that China will be rolling out its own, alternative New Year, possibly as early as February.

There was an Old Lady who Lived in a Shoe

 

click images for larger view

Not exactly an old, beat-up boot.  More like a top-of-line Jimmy Choo.  But what a foot!  What tendons!

Actually, this is the Reiser + Umemoto design that's just won First Prize in an international competition "for a new Port and Cruise Service Center in the city of Kaohsiung in southern Taiwan, ROC," created in collaboration with the late structural engineer Ysrael A. Seinuk.  Construction is to start in 2012, with a 2014 completion date.

We've written before of that team's O-14 Cheese Grater tower in Dubai which apparently is still "nearing completion."  (We still have a soft spot in our heart for the idea of a Lucien Lagrange-inspired knockoff for Lake Shore Drive.*)

*important note to attorneys here.

The Kaohsiung project is another striking, form-shifting project.

You can see more images here.

For me, what's most shocking is not the avant garde design but that the press release says they expect to build it for $85,000,000.  Ah, the glories of cheap labor.

Let's Get Small

A house is just a pile of stuff with a cover on it.

George Carlin

 photograph: Wikipedia, Maryland Pride.  click images for larger view

What you buy is who you are.  And the more you want to be - or at least be seen as being - the more  stuff you need to have.  You can't throw anything away; you can never be sure when you might need it again.

photograph: Wikipedia, Brendel

George Carlin used to say we keep accumulating stuff until we finally have no choice but to change houses: we need a bigger place for all our stuff.  From 1,400 square feet in 1970, the average home size increased almost 70% by 2008, to 2,629 square feet.  A similar trend took place commercially.  We went from Ma and Pa food stores, to supermarkets, to superstores, to food superstores within mega-retailers that have so much to sell they need a warehouse to sell it in.  Shopping carts have grown to the size of a wire frame freighter.

A major accompanying force in all this has been the emerging dominance of a global supply-chain economy, in which a relentless drive for lower prices and greater efficiency is dependent every step of the way on eliminating jobs, reducing wages, and increasing uniformity.

Wikipedia, Blues Brothers

The recent economic crisis has cut two ways.   Macro, it's the supersize model.  The focus on low prices has accelerated an increasing share of the economy falling under the control of an ever smaller handful of corporations, whose massive size makes competition from entities lacking their scale unsustainable.

Shopping malls shrink and die.  Shedding departments until they're little more than clothing outlets, department stores cede universality to the superstores, cutting their reason for being out from under their own feet.  Borders and Barnes & Noble drove the independent bookseller chains  out of business; now they seek a last desperate mutual embrace as Amazon pushes them  toward their final annihilation.  The corporate behemoths now grow by scaling down, a final mop-up of urban streets with mini-Walmarts.

In our personal space, however, we're being downsized.  Under pressure from the mortgage meltdown, the average home size dropped to 2,438 square feet, the first decline in three decades.  In our workplaces, the reduction is even more dramatic.  In the 1970's, businesses budgeted 500 to 700 square feet of space per employee.  According to a L.A. Times report, it's now down to 200.  One analyst predicts it will drop to just 50 square feet by 2015,  as the average for cubicle workstations has declined from 64 to 49 square feet in just the past few years.  Think thin.

So what happens to us?  More importantly, what happens to all our stuff?  Technology is taking care of a large part of a problem.  CD's, DVD's, bulky books and the furniture needed to store them evaporate into thin air as on-line downloads come to dominance.  Even as televisions get bigger, they get thinner - just a slight bump on your wall.  We're having fewer children, and the ones we have now come in easily stackable configurations.  Our pets are now being bred foldable so they can easily be stored when not in use.

photograph: wikipedia, Wiii

photo: : Chris 73 / Wikimedia Commons

Seriously, though, how can anyone live in a thousand square feet?  Japan may be way ahead of us.  Kisho Kurokawa's 1972 Nakagin Capsule Tower in Tokyo consists of thirteen floors of prefabricated 8 x 12 modules, each with appliances, cabinets, bathroom, and bed.  The city's contemporary capsule hotels take it a step further.  For just $30.00 a night, you get a bed, TV and radio in a stacked compartment about the size of a large dog kennel.

But again we ask:  where's the room for your stuff?  Is it possible that old scoundrel, Frank Lloyd Wright, may have gotten it right almost a century ago?

Mary Louise Schumacher, who's taken over the Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel's architecture beat from the redoubtable Whitney Gould, has a a fascinating, first-rate article, Frank Lloyd Wright, big ideas for small homes, about the six Milwaukee houses that were prototypes for the American System-Built Homes, Wright's effort to create attractive affordable housing.   All seven models were standardized to allow for precut lumber and reduced labor, keeping the price as low as $4,000.

photograph: Wikipedia, Freekee

Schumacher relates how a small hardy band of volunteers recently purchased three of the now endangered properties in what is now called the Burnham Street Historic District. They've restored one of the bungalows and are fighting to raise the funds necessary to save the rest. 

Chicago has it's own System-Built Homes, two of them, both designated landmarks - including the Guy C. Smith house, pictured above - on South Hoyne Avenue in the Beverly neighborhood.  According to the AIA Guide to Chicago, they were constructed without Wright's supervision.  Like their Wisconsin counterparts, they were built by Milwaukee's Richard Bros., who went so far as to hire as their copywriter novelist Sherwood Anderson, who extolled them as an architecture "as brave and direct as the country."  It didn't help.  According to Schumacher,  only 13 System-Built homes were ever constructed.

The homes are as small as 800 square feet, "A Small House with lots of room in it," according to a contemporary advertisement.  "Walking through the restored spaces today," writes Schumacher,  "it lives up to that promise."

At a time when architects are increasingly focused on smaller, more sober and green building, what is sometimes called micro architecture, Wright has some things to say.

Even the ventilation system, which invisibly breathes fresh air in and out, sounds an awful lot like the inventions of today’s green architects.

And, like many contemporary scaled-back designs, it challenges us. A question naturally arises: Could I live here?

 . . . Clutter, too, would have to go. It would mar these spaces, which some believe are inspired by Japanese design and Wright's trips to Asia. Would the shower of interior light from clerestory-like windows be worth developing more tidy habits? It seems that it should be.

Schumacher's piece deftly balances scholarship, story-telling and analysis.  Read it here.

While it's always possible future events will veer off into some unexpected direction, the current morning line is that America is in for some tough times, which could have some sober reflection as a positive by-product.  The debate on sprawl rages on, but it won't be fully resolved until the final bill comes due. Most of suburbia is still coasting on the original build-out of infrastructure.  We're still waiting for the reckoning when that hyper-extended network of roads, sewers and other utilities needs to be replaced.  We may be seeing a glimpse of the future, however, in a recent Wall Street Journal report on how miles of asphalt-paved highway are reverting to gravel and dirt as cash-starved local governments are forced to cut expenses.

photograph: Wikipedia, New York Public Library

Cities have the benefit not only of density, but astringency.  As anyone who's shopped for a condo or rental apartment in newer buildings has found, market conditions keep the average square footage way below even that 2,400 square-foot stand-alone average.

Nor is this new.  A one bedroom in Marina City, minus the expansive balconies,  is 650 square feet.  Somehow that's enough room, however untidy, for all my stuff, but then it's just me and two cats, and they've already got a Self-Storage locker filled up with old spit-covered toys and various detritus from their previous lives.  For normal people and complete families,  could we ever even contemplate life in Wright's 800 square feet?  Or will we all eventually wind up like the Collyer Brothers, our actuarial most-likely mortal end: being crushed in a cave-in of 130  or so tons of our stuff.